Adrenal Gland Disorder

Adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped organs that sit on top of each kidney. They are responsible for producing and secreting several hormones that regulate important bodily functions. Adrenal gland disorders occur when there is a problem with the functioning of these glands, which can lead to various health problems.

Type of Adrenal glands

There are two main parts to the adrenal gland the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla. The adrenal cortex produces hormones that regulate salt and water balance in the body, as well as hormones that control metabolism, immune system function, and the body's response to stress. The adrenal medulla produces adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are involved in the body's "fight or flight" response to stress. Adrenal gland disorders can be broadly categorized into three types: adrenal insufficiency, adrenal tumors, and adrenal hormone excess disorders.

Adrenal Insufficiency

This occurs when the adrenal glands don't produce enough hormones. The two main types of adrenal insufficiency are primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) and secondary adrenal insufficiency. Symptoms of adrenal insufficiency may include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, and low blood pressure.

Adrenal Tumors

Adrenal tumors can be either benign or malignant. Benign tumors are usually asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during imaging tests. Malignant tumors can cause a variety of symptoms, depending on the type and location of the tumor. Adrenal tumors can also produce excess hormones, which can lead to hormone excess disorders.

Adrenal Hormone Excess Disorders

These occur when the adrenal glands produce too much of one or more hormones. Examples of hormone excess disorders include Cushing's syndrome, which is caused by excess cortisol production, and Conn's syndrome, which is caused by excess aldosterone production. Symptoms of hormone excess disorders may include weight gain, muscle weakness, high blood pressure, and changes in the appearance of the skin.