Blood pressure is the force of blood against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood throughout the body. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and expressed as two numbers, with the systolic pressure (the top number) representing the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats and the diastolic pressure (the bottom number) representing the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.
Normal blood pressure is typically considered to be less than 120/80 mm Hg. High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is when the pressure in the arteries is consistently too high, which can put a strain on the heart and blood vessels and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Risk factors for high blood pressure include age, family history, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, stress, and a diet high in salt and saturated fat. Some medical conditions, such as diabetes, kidney disease, and sleep apnea, can also increase the risk of high blood pressure.
Symptoms of high blood pressure are often not noticeable, which is why it is often referred to as the "silent killer." Some people may experience headaches, dizziness, or nosebleeds, but these symptoms are not specific to high blood pressure and can be caused by many other factors.
Treatment for high blood pressure typically involves lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress management, as well as medications to lower blood pressure if necessary. It's important to work with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of treatment for your individual needs.
Low blood pressure, also known as hypotension, is when the pressure in the arteries is consistently too low. This can cause symptoms such as lightheadedness, dizziness, and fainting. Causes of low blood pressure include dehydration, blood loss, certain medications, and underlying medical conditions such as heart disease or endocrine disorders. Treatment for low blood pressure depends on the underlying cause and may include medications or lifestyle changes.
